Throughout their evolutionary history, bacteria have faced diverse threats from other
microorganisms, including competing bacteria, bacteriophages and predators. In response …

Biofilms are surface-attached groups of microbial cells encased in an extracellular matrix
that are significantly less susceptible to antimicrobial agents than non-adherent, planktonic …

Plants intimately associate with diverse bacteria. Plant-associated bacteria have ostensibly
evolved genes that enable them to adapt to plant environments. However, the identities of …

The aboveground parts of terrestrial plants are colonized by a variety of microbes that
collectively constitute the phyllosphere microbiota. Decades of pioneering work using …

Bacteria have evolved a wide range of mechanisms to harm and kill their competitors,
including chemical, mechanical and biological weapons. Here we review the incredible …

Bacteria often live within matrix-embedded communities, termed biofilms, which are now
understood to be a major mode of microbial life. The study of biofilms has revealed their vast …

Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication mechanism between bacteria that allows specific
processes to be controlled, such as biofilm formation, virulence factor expression, production …

Biotic and abiotic surfaces in marine waters are rapidly colonized by microorganisms.
Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous …

A host's microbiota may increase, diminish, or have no effect at all on cancer susceptibility.
Assigning causal roles in cancer to specific microbes and microbiotas, unraveling host …

Bacteria have evolved a remarkable array of sophisticated nanomachines to export various
virulence factors across the bacterial cell envelope. In recent years, considerable progress …