Background In recent years, many studies have focused on the intestinal environment to
elucidate pathogenesis of various diseases, including kidney diseases. Impairment of the …

Background Diabetic kidney disease is associated with impaired podocyte autophagy and
subsequent podocyte injury. The regulation of podocyte autophagy is unique because it …

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with the accelerated development of
macrovascular (atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease) and microvascular …

Liraglutide is a new hypoglycemic drug. The previous studies have shown that liraglutide
can improve the renal outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes. Recently, it was approved …

The administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was shown to attenuate overt as well
as early diabetic nephropathy in rodents, but the underlying mechanism of this beneficial …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a diabetic complication marked by albuminuria and a decline
of the glomerular filtration rate. Diabetic kidneys are defective in the autophagy process and …

Obesity-related kidney diseases are becoming serious health problems worldwide, yet the
mechanism by which obesity causes kidney injury is not fully understood. The purpose of …

Background: Mitochondrial abnormalities play critical roles in diabetic tubular injury
progression. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors are widely used antihyperglycaemic …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the destruction of over 90% of the β-cells. C-
peptide is a parameter for evaluating T1D. Streptozotocin (STZ) is a standard method of …

In vitro investigation of a glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) remains difficult because of the
inability to mimic its specialized structure, although various kidney diseases are …