Electrophysiological field potential dynamics have been widely used to investigate brain
functions and related psychiatric disorders. Conversely, however, various technical …

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a behavioural state during which phasic deflections in
pontine LFP, known as pontine waves (P-waves), occur most prominently. Cholinergic …

Selection and application of genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVI) from the large
palette of available options requires careful consideration between different indicator …

Developments in modern bio-imaging techniques have allowed the routine collection of a
vast amount of data from various techniques. The challenges lie in how to build accurate …

Optical sensors of cellular neurophysiology have thrived to a level where they can enable
probing the voltage change of dendritic spines or neuronal activities from …

Brain functions and related psychiatric disorders have been investigated by recording
electrophysiological field potential. When recording it, a conventional method requires fiber …

Simultaneous optical recording and optical stimulation of neuronal activity could enable
faster and more comprehensive investigation of neuronal function but is hampered by …

Bioluminescence (chemiluminescence) imaging is attracting attention in the field of biology
due to its superior signal-to-background ratio and capacity for long-tem measurement. Also …

Spontaneous human focal seizures can present with a plethora of behavioral manifestations
that vary according to the affected cortical regions; however, several key features have been …

A central question in biology is how different cell types interact with each other and their
native environment to form complex functional systems and networks. Although our ability to …