Climate change in the past has led to significant changes in species' distributions. However,
how individual species respond to climate change depends largely on their adaptations and …

An appreciation of the scale and frequency of climatic oscillations in the past few million
years is modifying our views on how evolution proceeds. Such major events caused …

▪ Abstract About 20 years ago, DNA sequences were separately described from the quagga
(a type of zebra) and an ancient Egyptian individual. What made these DNA sequences …

The estimation of phylogenetic divergence times from sequence data is an important
component of many molecular evolutionary studies. There is now a general appreciation …

One of the great debates about extinction is whether humans or climatic change caused the
demise of the Pleistocene megafauna. Evidence from paleontology, climatology …

Glacial cycles have played a dominant role in shaping the genetic structure and distribution
of biota in northwestern North America. The two major ice age refugia of Beringia and the …

Molecular sequences obtained at different sampling times from populations of rapidly
evolving pathogens and from ancient subfossil and fossil sources are increasingly available …

Between fifty and ten thousand years ago, most large mammals became extinct everywhere
except Africa. Slow-breeding animals also were hard hit, regardless of size. This unusual …

Genetic analyses of permafrost and temperate sediments reveal that plant and animal DNA
may be preserved for long periods, even in the absence of obvious macrofossils. In Siberia …

In the past two decades, ancient DNA research has progressed from the retrieval of small
fragments of mitochondrial DNA from a few late Holocene specimens, to large-scale studies …