The long history of life on Earth has unfolded as a cause-and-effect relationship with the
evolving amount of oxygen (O2) in the oceans and atmosphere. Oxygen deficiency …

Abstract The 'Cambrian Explosion'describes the rapid increase in animal diversity and
abundance, as manifest in the fossil record, between~ 540 and 520 million years ago (Ma) …

The transition from dominant bacterial to eukaryotic marine primary productivity was one of
the most profound ecological revolutions in the Earth's history, reorganizing the distribution …

The rise of animals occurred during an interval of Earth history that witnessed dynamic
marine redox conditions, potentially rapid plate motions, and uniquely large perturbations to …

The terminal Ediacaran Period witnessed the decline of the Ediacara biota (which may have
included many stem-group animals). To test whether oceanic anoxia might have played a …

Few topics in geobiology have been as extensively debated as the role of Earth's
oxygenation in controlling when and why animals emerged and diversified. All currently …

The integration of fossils, phylogeny, and geochronology has resulted in an increasingly
well-resolved timetable of evolution. Life appears to have taken root before the earliest …

Oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere and oceans occurred across three major steps during
the Paleoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic, and Paleozoic eras, with each increase having …

Abstract The Ediacaran Period (~ 635–539 Ma) is marked by the emergence and
diversification of complex metazoans linked to ocean redox changes, but the processes and …

The Neoproterozoic era witnessed a succession of biological innovations that culminated in
diverse animal body plans and behaviours during the Ediacaran–Cambrian radiations …