The current coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, raises important questions as to whether …

The efficacy, safety and positioning of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in the treatment of
patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is much debated, since it can …

Lung macrophages (LMs) are essential immune effector cells that are pivotal in both innate
and adaptive immune responses to inhaled foreign matter. They either reside within the …

Although the chronic presence of microorganisms in the airways of patients with stable
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) confers a poor outcome, no …

Objective Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are generally used to treat patients with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who suffer from repeated exacerbations. Recently, it …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by infection with severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was first detected in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and …

Background: Whether all types of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) would increase the
pneumonia risk in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains …

Background Recent studies have suggested a possible association between respiratory
infection and the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). We aimed to ascertain the risk of upper …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the 3rd leading cause of death worldwide. It not
only affects current and former smokers, but non-smokers as well. Chronic inflammatory …

Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) are commonly prescribed to patients with severe COPD and
recurrent exacerbations. It is not known what impact ICS cause in terms of COVID-19 …