The lymphatic system, composed of initial and collecting lymphatic vessels as well as lymph
nodes that are present in almost every tissue of the human body, acts as an essential …

Malignant tumors release growth factors such as VEGF-C to induce lymphatic vessel
expansion (lymphangiogenesis) in primary tumors and in draining sentinel LNs, thereby …

Nanoparticles enter tumours through endothelial cells, gaps or other mechanisms, but how
they exit is unclear. The current paradigm states that collapsed tumour lymphatic vessels …

Tumor‐lymph node (LN) metastasis is the dominant prognostic factor for tumor staging and
therapeutic decision‐making. However, concurrently visualizing metastasis and performing …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid-based particles endogenously produced by
cells. Their natural composition and selective cell interactions make them promising drug …

Blood vessels form a closed circulatory system, whereas lymphatic vessels form a one-way
conduit for tissue fluid and leukocytes. In most vertebrates, the main function of lymphatic …

The interstitium describes the fluid, proteins, solutes, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) that
comprise the cellular microenvironment in tissues. Its alterations are fundamental to …

Immunological tolerance of tumors is characterized by insufficient infiltration of cytotoxic T
lymphocytes (CTLs) and immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumor. Tumor resistance …

Tumours often engage the lymphatic system in order to invade and metastasize. The tumour-
draining lymph node may be an immune-privileged site that protects the tumour from host …

Metastatic spread of cancer through the lymphatic system affects hundreds of thousands of
patients yearly. Growth of new lymphatic vessels, lymphangiogenesis, is activated in cancer …