Microbes found on the skin are usually regarded as pathogens, potential pathogens or
innocuous symbiotic organisms. Advances in microbiology and immunology are revising our …

Staphylococcus aureus is recognized as commensal as well as opportunistic pathogen of
humans and animals. Methicillin resistant strain of S. aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a …

The skin is a milieu for controlled bacterial growth. Skin supports the growth of commensal
bacteria, which protect the host from pathogenic bacteria. Environmental and local factors …

The group A streptococcus (GAS)(Streptococcus pyogenes) is among the most common and
versatile of human pathogens. It is responsible for a wide spectrum of human diseases …

Staphylococcus aureus produces many virulence factors, including toxins, immune-
modulatory factors, and exoenzymes. Previous studies involving the analysis of virulence …

ABSTRACT A new animal model for the purpose of studying superficial infections is
presented. In this model an infection is established by disruption of the skin barrier by partial …

An exanthem is a skin rash that may be associated with mucous membrane eruption, fever
or other symptoms. It may develop as manifestation of an infectious disease or as adverse …

Impetigo is a common cutaneous infection that is especially prevalent in children.
Historically, impetigo is caused by either group A β-hemolytic streptococci or …

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is an acute, toxin-mediated illness, like endotoxic shock, and is
characterized by fever, rash, hypotension, multiorgan involvement, and desquamation. TSS …

The skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients exhibits a striking susceptibility to colonization
and infection with Staphylococcus aureus. This review summarizes our understanding about …