Background Cancer is the most prevalent cause of death globally, and radiotherapy is
considered the standard of care for most solid tumors, including lung, breast, esophageal …

Exosome is a subgroup of extracellular vesicles, which has been serving as an efficient
therapeutic tool for various diseases. Engineered exosomes are the sort of exosomes …

Radiotherapy (RT), including external beam RT and internal radiation therapy, uses high-
energy ionizing radiation to kill tumor cells. However, ionizing radiation inevitably damages …

Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death characterized by the lethal
accumulation of iron-dependent membrane-localized lipid peroxides. It acts as an innate …

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) was clinically approved in 2020 and exhibits
remarkable tumour rejection in preclinical and clinical studies. It is binary radiotherapy that …

Cancer therapy with accelerated charged particles is one of the most valuable biomedical
applications of nuclear physics. The technology has vastly evolved in the past 50 years, the …

The limited efficacy of radiotherapy leads to radio‐resistance and high rates of tumor
recurrence and metastasis, which is caused by tumor hypoxia, rapid DNA damage repair …

The increasing applications of ionizing radiation in society raise the risk of radiation-induced
intestinal and whole-body injury. Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant to reduce the reactive …

Chemodynamic therapy based on the Fenton-like catalysis ability of Fe3O4 has the
advantages of no involvement of chemical drugs and minimal adverse effects as well as the …

Radiotherapy, as one of the most common strategies for clinical cancer treatment, suffers
from failure due to the hypoxia, inflammation, and radiosensitivity difference of malignant …