Leukocytes play a vital role in immune responses, including defending against invasive
pathogens, reconstructing impaired tissue, and maintaining immune homeostasis. When the …

The use of living bacteria either as therapeutic agents or drug carriers has shown great
potential in treating a multitude of intractable diseases. However, cells are often fragile to …

An approach of decorating bacteria with triple immune nanoactivators is reported to develop
tumor‐resident living immunotherapeutics. Under cytocompatible conditions, tumor‐specific …

Microorganisms have been extensively applied as active biotherapeutic agents or drug
delivery vehicles for antitumor treatment because of their unparalleled bio-functionalities …

Antibiotic therapy is one of the most important approaches against bacterial infections.
However, the improper use of antibiotics and the emergence of drug resistance have …

Intratumoral environment as a hypoxic, non-inflamed “cold” state is difficult for many agents
to accumulate and activate the immune system. Intrinsically, facultative anaerobic …

Nanomedicines overcome the pharmacokinetic limitations of traditional drug formulations
and have promising prospect in cancer treatment. However, nanomedicine delivery in vivo is …

Natural bacteria are interesting subjects for cancer treatments owing to their unique
autonomy‐driven and hypoxic target properties. Genetically modified bacteria (such as …

Disorders in the gut microbiota have been implicated in various diseases, such as
inflammatory bowel diseases, diabetes, and cancers. Oral microecologics are of great …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) have emerged as novel and promising platforms for
the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutic strategies against infectious and …