The wide variety of animal behaviours that can be observed today arose through the
evolution of their underlying neural circuits. Advances in understanding the mechanisms …

Animal colour vision is based on comparing signals from different photoreceptors. It is
generally assumed that processing different spectral types of photoreceptor mainly serves …

Genetically encoded voltage indicators are emerging tools for monitoring voltage dynamics
with cell-type specificity. However, current indicators enable a narrow range of applications …

Vertebrates rely on rod photoreceptors for vision in low-light conditions. The specialized
downstream circuit for rod signalling, called the primary rod pathway, is well characterized in …

When vertebrates first conquered the land, they encountered a visual world that was
radically distinct from that of their aquatic ancestors. Fish exploit the strong wavelength …

In vertebrate vision, early retinal circuits divide incoming visual information into functionally
opposite elementary signals: On and Off, transient and sustained, chromatic and achromatic …

The use of spectral information in natural light to inform behaviour is one of the oldest and
most fundamental abilities of visual systems. It long-predates animals' venture onto the land …

The ability to determine the distance to objects is an important feature of most visual
systems, but little is known about the neuronal mechanisms for distance estimation. Larval …

An ultimate goal in retina science is to understand how the neural circuit of the retina
processes natural visual scenes. Yet most studies in laboratories have long been performed …

For generations researchers have been observing the dynamic processes of life through the
lens of a microscope. This has offered tremendous insights into biological phenomena that …