Most retinoblastomas develop from maturing cone precursors in response to biallelic RB1
loss and are dependent on cone maturation-related signaling. Additionally,∼ 2% lack RB1 …

Individual instances of cancer are primarily a result of a combination of a small number of
genetic mutations (hits). Knowing the number of such mutations is a prerequisite for …

Intercellular karyotypic variability has been a focus of genetic research for more than 50
years. It has been repeatedly shown that chromosome heterogeneity manifesting as …

Although there has been great progress in cancer treatment, cancer remains a serious
health threat to humans because of the lack of biomarkers for diagnosis, especially for early …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex entity where host immune and non-
immune cells establish a dynamic crosstalk with cancer cells. Through cell-cell interactions …

Mortalin (GRP75, HSPA9A), a heat shock protein (HSP), regulates a wide range of cellular
processes, including cell survival, growth, and metabolism. The regulatory functions of …

Cancer risk is highly variable in carriers of the common TP53-R337H founder allele,
possibly due to the influence of modifier genes. Whole-genome sequencing identified a …

Tumors arise through waves of genetic alterations and clonal expansion that allow tumor
cells to acquire cancer hallmarks, such as genome instability and immune evasion. Recent …

Evidence indicates a complex link between microbiota, tumor characteristics, and host
immunity in the tumor microenvironment. In experimental studies, bifidobacteria appear to …

Introduction Cancer development and progression is a complex process influenced by co-
evolution of the cancer cells and their microenvironment. However, traditional anti-cancer …