The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the greatest threats to human health in the 21st century
with more than 257 million cases and over 5.17 million deaths reported worldwide (as of …

Mitochondria are heterogeneous and highly dynamic organelles, playing critical roles in
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, metabolic modulation, reactive oxygen species …

Ulcerative colitis (UC), an etiologically complicated and relapsing gastrointestinal disease, is
characterized by the damage of mucosal epithelium and destruction of the intestinal …

Solid tumors often grow in a micro-environment characterized by< 2% O 2 tension. This
condition, together with the aberrant activation of specific oncogenic patwhays, increases …

Angiogenesis is the process of formation of new blood vessels from existing ones. Vessels
serve the purpose of providing oxygen, nutrients and removal of waste from the cells. The …

Hypoxia, a common feature of solid tumors, greatly hinders the efficacy of conventional
cancer treatments such as chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy. The depletion of oxygen in …

Human neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocytes, are fundamental components
of the host response against different pathogens. Until a few years ago, neutrophils received …

N-linked glycosylation is a complex, co-and post-translational series of events that connects
metabolism to signaling in almost all cells. Metabolic assembly of N-linked glycans spans …

The magnitude of the host immune response can be regulated by either stimulatory or
inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules. Receptor-ligand binding between inhibitory …

A role for hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) in hypoxia‐dependent regulation of tumor cell
metabolism has been thoroughly investigated and covered in reviews. However, there is …