Background Limited information exists on the role of B‐cell‐dependent mechanisms in the
progression of heart failure (HF). However, in failing human myocardium, there is evidence …

Objectives Phosphorylcholine (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) are generated during lipid
peroxidation and form adducts with proteins as albumin as studied herein. Atherosclerosis …

Life style changes and improved medical therapy have decreased cardiovascular mortality
in many countries over the last decades. This has been accompanied by changes in disease …

Summary B-1 and B-2 B cell subsets carry out a diverse array of functions that range broadly
from responding to innate stimuli, antigen presentation, cytokine secretion and antibody …

Tumor immunity is a rapidly evolving area of research consisting of many possible
permutations of immune cell tumor interactions that are dependent upon cell type, tumor …

Interaction between B and CD4 T cells is crucial for their optimal responses in adaptive
immunity. Immune responses augmented by their partnership promote chronic inflammation …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.
Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide with
atherosclerosis being the major underlying pathology. The interplay between lipids and …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with erosive arthritis as its main
manifestation, which can involve multiple systems. RA patients may have a variety of …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world,
accounting for 16.7 million deaths each year. The underlying pathological process for the …