Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the arterial wall that leads to the
formation of vessel-occluding plaques within the subintimal space of middle-sized and …

Chronic inflammation and resulting tissue damage underlie the vast majority of acquired
cardiovascular disease (CVD), a general term encompassing a widely diverse array of …

Background: CD (cluster of differentiation) 4+ T-cell responses to APOB (apolipoprotein B)
are well characterized in atherosclerotic mice and detectable in humans. CD4+ T cells …

Adaptive immune response plays an important role in atherogenesis. In atherosclerosis, the
proinflammatory immune response driven by Th1 is predominant but the anti-inflammatory …

Animal models and clinical studies suggest a mechanistic link between the pneumococcal
polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) and a cardiovascular protective effect. However, conflicting …

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (heart attacks and strokes) is the major
cause of death globally and is caused by the buildup of a plaque in the arterial wall …

e2 Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol January 2019 lipoprotein remnant particles can penetrate
and accumulate in the subendothelial arterial space and induce local and systemic …

Abstract Background Oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs) are rich in atherosclerotic plaques.
Innate and adaptive immune responses to OSEs play an important role in atherosclerosis …

Macrophages are crucial in the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
(ASCVD). In the atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages play a central role in maintaining …

Atherosclerosis is initiated and sustained by hypercholesterolemia, which results in the
generation of oxidized LDL (OxLDL) and other metabolic byproducts that trigger …