Extracranial venous abnormalities, especially jugular venous outflow disturbance, were
originally viewed as nonpathological phenomena due to a lack of realization and …

In keeping with its status as one of the major causes of disability and mortality worldwide,
brain damage induced by cerebral arterial disease has been the subject of several decades …

Importance Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is characterized by
restricted venous outflow from the brain and spinal cord. Whether this condition is …

Background Eagle syndrome is a condition that causes pharyngeal pain, facial pain,
swallowing difficulties, and symptoms of arterial impingement due to the elongated styloid …

This paper presents a mathematical model of the global, arterio‐venous circulation in the
entire human body, coupled to a refined description of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) …

Recently, internal jugular vein stenosis (IJVS) is gaining increasing attention from clinical
researchers due to a series of confounding symptoms that impair the quality of life in affected …

Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of balloon vs sham venoplasty of narrowing of
the extracranial jugular and azygos veins in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Patients with …

Background: As an indispensable part of the cerebral venous system, the extracranial
cerebrospinal venous system is not fully recognized. This study aimed to analyze the clinical …

Objectives/Hypothesis To evaluate the incidence of chronic cerebrospinal venous
insufficiency in Menière's disease patients and the effect of bilateral percutaneous …

Aims Conventional theories for jugular bulb (JB) formation are insufficient to explain the high
proportion of high JB in adult patients. We aimed to study features of high JB in patients with …