Compulsion is a cardinal symptom of drug addiction (severe substance use disorder).
However, compulsion is observed in only a small proportion of individuals who repeatedly …

Drug consumption is driven by a drug's pharmacological effects, which are experienced as
rewarding, and is influenced by genetic, developmental, and psychosocial factors that …

Here, we review the neural circuit bases of habits, compulsions, and addictions, behaviors
which are all characterized by relatively automatic action performance. We discuss relevant …

Alcohol use produces wide-ranging and diverse effects on the central nervous system. It
influences intracellular signaling mechanisms, leading to changes in gene expression …

The external globus pallidus (GPe) coordinates action-selection through GABAergic
projections throughout the basal ganglia. GPe arkypallidal (arky) neurons project exclusively …

The iron-catalyzed highly Markovnikov-type selective and enantioselective hydrosilylation of
terminal aliphatic alkenes with good functional group tolerance is developed. This …

Making decisions in environments with few choice options is easy. We select the action that
results in the most valued outcome. Making decisions in more complex environments, where …

Addiction was suggested to emerge from the progressive dominance of habits over goal-
directed behaviors. However, it is generally assumed that habits do not persist in choice …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by a compulsion to seek and consume
one or more substances of abuse, with a perceived loss of control and a negative emotional …

The direct and indirect pathway striatal medium spiny neurons (dMSNs and iMSNs) have
long been linked to action selection, but the precise roles of these neurons in this process …