Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease with a highly multifaceted
pathology that includes (but is not limited to) sensitivity to drug-associated cues, negative …

Importance Stimulant use disorder is common, affecting between 0.3% and 1.1% of the
population, and costs more than $85 billion per year globally. There are no licensed …

There is an expanding field of research investigating the benefits of alternatives to current
pharmacological therapies in psychiatry. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is emerging as a useful …

The use of opioid analgesics has a long history in clinical settings, although the
comprehensive action of opioid receptors is still less understood. Nonetheless, recent …

Methamphetamine (METH) is an illicit psychostimulant that is widely abused in the world.
Several lines of evidence suggest that chronic METH abuse leads to neurodegenerative …

Opioid dependence is a problem of national concern, especially with dramatically increased
rates of abuse and dependence of prescription opioids. The current article provides an up-to …

Infant pain is a clinical reality. Effective pain management in infants requires a specialist
approach—analgesic protocols that have been designed for older children cannot simply be …

Cocaine is a powerful stimulant of the sympathetic nervous system by inhibiting
catecholamine reuptake, stimulating central sympathetic outflow, and increasing the …

Learning theory proposes that drug seeking is a synthesis of multiple controllers. Whereas
goaldirected drug seeking is determined by the anticipated incentive value of the drug …

Cannabinoid derivatives have shown promising results for treating neuropsychiatric
disorders, including drug addiction. Recent studies on the therapeutic effects of Cannabidiol …