Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder that leads to disability and affects
more than 500 million population worldwide. OA was believed to be caused by the wearing …

Extracellular matrices (ECM s) are highly specialized and dynamic three‐dimensional (3D)
scaffolds into which cells reside in tissues. ECM is composed of a variety of fibrillar …

Hydrogel scaffolds are attractive for tissue defect repair and reorganization because of their
human tissue-like characteristics. However, most hydrogels offer limited cell growth and …

Joint diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity and disability worldwide.
The main diseases that affect joint cartilage are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic whole-joint disease characterized by low-grade
systemic inflammation, degeneration of joint-related tissues such as articular cartilage, and …

Articular cartilage defects bring about disability and worldwide socioeconomic loss,
therefore, articular cartilage repair and regeneration is recognized as a global issue …

Cartilage tissue is under extensive investigation in tissue engineering and regenerative
medicine studies because of its limited regenerative potential. Currently, many scaffolds are …

Tissue engineering is a promising strategy for damaged cartilage tissue repair. Three-
dimensional (3D) printed hydrogel exhibits great potential in cartilage tissue engineering for …

Tissue engineering (TE) holds an enormous potential to develop functional scaffolds
resembling the structural organization of native tissues, to improve or replace biological …

Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by chondrocyte apoptosis and disturbance of the balance
between catabolism and anabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is the most common …