Abstract Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a frequent and
severe chronic disease drastically impairing life quality. The underlying pathomechanism is …

Members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) participate prominently
in B‐cell maturation and function. In particular, B‐cell activating factor belonging to the TNF …

B cell activation factor of the TNF family (BAFF) is a potent B cell survival factor. BAFF
overexpressing transgenic mice (BAFF-Tg mice) exhibit features of autoimmune disease …

Vaccination provides a powerful means to control infections. It exploits and exemplifies the
ability of the immune system to preserve the information that a specific pathogen has been …

Abstract Introduction Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disorder affecting
exocrine glands; however, a subgroup of pSS patients experience systemic extra-glandular …

The use of B-cell targeted therapies for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
has generated great interest owing to the multiple pathogenic roles carried out by B cells in …

Abstract Programmed death (PD)-1 receptors and their ligands have been identified in the
pathogenesis and development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Two key pathways …

Chronic inflammatory responses in the lungs contribute to the development and progression
of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although research studies focused …

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by B cell hyperactivity documented by the
production of plethora of autoantibodies and a strong tendency for NHL of B cell origin …

Background: B‐lymphocytes play a central and critical role in the adaptive immune response
against invading pathogens. This study evaluates saliva and serum levels of APRIL (a …