Few among the millions of fungal species fulfill four basic conditions necessary to infect
humans: high temperature tolerance, ability to invade the human host, lysis and absorption …

Interaction of microbes with their environment depends on features of the dynamic microbial
surface throughout cell growth and division. Surface modifications, whether used to acquire …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a ubiquitous mechanism for transferring
information between cells and organisms across all three kingdoms of life. In addition to their …

The production of melanin significantly enhances the virulence of many important human
pathogenic fungi. Despite fungal melanin's importance in human disease, as well as …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered much interest in the cell biology and biomedical
research fields. Many studies have reported the existence of EVs in all types of living cells …

Mammalian cells secrete two types of extracellular vesicles either constitutively or in a
regulated manner: exosomes (50–100 nm in diameter) released from the intracellular …

Fungi must meet four criteria to infect humans: growth at human body temperatures,
circumvention or penetration of surface barriers, lysis and absorption of tissue, and …

Biofortification is a long-term strategy of delivering more iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) to those most
in need. Plant breeding programs within the CGIAR and NARS have made major advances …

The fungal pathogen Candida albicans can form biofilms that protect it from drugs and the
immune system. The biofilm cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that promote …

Melanins are ancient biological pigments found in all kingdoms of life. In fungi, their role in
microbial pathogenesis is well established; however, these complex biomolecules also …