Magnesium (Mg) is the fourth most abundant cation in the body, mainly located within bone
and skeletal muscle. The normal total plasma Mg concentration varies in a narrow range …

Vascular calcification (VC), which is closely associated with significant mortality in
cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and/or diabetes mellitus, is …

Background/Aim: Indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular
disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study aimed to determine …

Cigarette smoking, active or passive, kills about 6 million people each year worldwide.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 40% of all smoking-related deaths, lung …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associates with excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality,
resulting in significantly shortened lifespan. Traditional risk factors (eg dyslipidaemia and …

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors including insulin resistance,
dyslipidemia and hypertension which are also relevant for the development of chronic …

BACKGROUND/AIM: We have reported that indoxyl sulfate (IS), a uremic toxin, accelerates
proximal tubular cell senescence. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an inhibitor of nitric …

Introduction: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), a risk factor for
cardiovascular disease (CVD), is increasing worldwide. Statin treatment, the cornerstone of …

Resveratrol (RES), a dietary polyphenol compound, has been shown to possess health
benefits due to its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiatherosclerosis properties …

The role of statins in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, such as
coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndromes, diabetes or stroke is well established …