Background Shikonin is one of the major phytochemical components of Lithospermum
erythrorhizon (Purple Cromwell), which is a type of medicinal herb broadly utilized in …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a classic autoimmune disease characterized by uncontrolled
synovial proliferation, pannus formation, cartilage injury, and bone destruction. The specific …

Activation of endothelium and immune cells is fundamental to the initiation of autoimmune
diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and it results in trans-endothelial cell migration …

The transcription factor BMAL1 is a clock protein that generates daily or circadian rhythms in
physiological functions including the inflammatory response of macrophages. Intracellular …

Pyruvate kinase is a key regulator in glycolysis through the conversion of
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate. Pyruvate kinase exists in various isoforms that …

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) refer to connective tissue inflammation caused by aberrant
autoantibodies resulting from dysfunctional immune surveillance. Most of the current …

Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), the main active ingredient of herbal medicine Panax
notoginseng, has been generally applied for the therapy of cardiovascular and …

Purpose Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease with synovitis
as pathological changes. The immune microenvironment of RA promotes metabolic …

This study aimed to investigate the effect of norisopoldine (NOR) on acute lung injury in
septic mice. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to establish sepsis induced acute lung …

Increased glycolytic in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) not only
contributes to early‐stage disease pathogenesis but leads to sustained proliferation of FLS …