An increasing participation in ultra-endurance foot races is cause for greater need to ensure
the presence of appropriate medical care at these events. Unique medical challenges result …

This paper examines the various nutritional challenges which athletes encounter in
preparing for and participating in ultra-endurance walking and running events. Special …

Objective Treatment of symptomatic hyponatremia is not well established. The European
guidelines recommend bolus-wise administration of 150 mL of 3% hypertonic saline. This …

To examine controversies about hydration strategies, participants (383 starters) of a 161 km
ultramarathon (maximum temperature 39.0° C) underwent body weight measurements …

Cerebral edema due to exercise-associated hyponatremia and cardiac arrest due to
atherosclerotic heart disease cause rare marathon-related fatalities in young female and …

The monitoring of body mass, plasma sodium [Na+] and urinary specific gravity (Usg) are
commonly used to help detect and prevent over-or dehydration in endurance athletes. We …

Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) is dilutional hyponatremia, a variant of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), characterized by a plasma …

Ultramarathon races represent any foot race longer than 42 km; an estimated 70,000
runners participate yearly in running races throughout the world. 1, 2 Most races are single …

Objective To examine the medical care at a highly competitive 161-km mountain
ultramarathon. Methods Encounter forms from the 2010 through 2013 Western States …

BACKGROUND: Human activity in wilderness areas has increased globally in recent
decades, leading to increased risk of injury and illness. Wilderness medicine has developed …