HIV spreads more efficiently in vitro when infected cells directly contact uninfected cells to
form virological synapses. A hallmark of virological synapses is that viruses can be …

HIV-1 spreads through contacts between infected and target cells. Polarized viral budding at
the contact site forms the virological synapse. Additional cellular processes, such as …

Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) restrict the entry of diverse enveloped
viruses through incompletely understood mechanisms. While IFITMs are reported to inhibit …

Intracellular transport of cargos, including many viruses, involves directed movement on
microtubules mediated by motor proteins. Although a number of viruses bind motors of …

Interferons (IFNs) mediate cellular defence against viral pathogens by upregulation of IFN-
stimulated genes whose products interact with viral components or alter cellular physiology …

The interferon‐induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins protect host cells from diverse virus
infections. IFITM proteins also incorporate into HIV‐1 virions and inhibit virus fusion and cell …

Despite extensive efforts, the principal sites of productive HIV-1 entry in different target
cells─ plasma membrane (PM) vs endosomes─ remain controversial. To delineate the site …

Macrophages are one of the major targets of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), but the
viral entry pathway remains poorly understood in these cells. Noninvasive virus labeling and …

Lipid rafts, solid regions of the plasma membrane enriched in cholesterol and
glycosphingolipids, are essential parts of a cell. Functionally, lipid rafts present a platform …

A major roadblock to achieving a cure for human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) is
the persistence of latent viral infections in the cells and tissue compartments of an infected …