Tissue engineering makes use of the principles of medicine, biology and engineering and
integrates them into the design of biological substitutes to restore, maintain and improve the …

Surface interaction at the biomaterial–cell interface is essential for a variety of cellular
functions, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Nevertheless, changes in the …

Collagen type I is the main organic constituent of the bone extracellular matrix and has been
used for decades as scaffolding material in bone tissue engineering approaches when …

Biomaterials have played an increasingly prominent role in the success of biomedical
devices and in the development of tissue engineering, which seeks to unlock the …

In 1991, Iijima reported on the formation of carbon nanotubes (1) using a simple arc
discharge reaction that led to an arrangement of the material in some micrometer long tubes …

Titanium and titanium alloys exhibit a unique combination of strength and biocompatibility,
which enables their use in medical applications and accounts for their extensive use as …

TiO2 is one of the most studied compounds in materials science. Owing to some outstanding
properties it is used for instance in photocatalysis, dye‐sensitized solar cells, and …

Polymer coatings are of central importance for many biomedical applications. In the past few
years, poly (dopamine)(PDA) has attracted considerable interest for various types of …

The main limitation in engineering in vitro tissues is the lack of a sufficient blood vessel
system—the vascularization. In vivo almost all tissues are supplied by these endothelial cell …

Basement membranes are widely distributed extracellular matrices that coat the basal
aspect of epithelial and endothelial cells and surround muscle, fat, and Schwann cells …