Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal
transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell …

Tumor suppressor genes cooperate with each other in tumors. Three important tumor
suppressor proteins, retinoblastoma (Rb), p53, phosphatase, and tensin homolog deleted …

Tamoxifen is the most commonly used endocrine therapy for patients with hormone receptor
(HR)-positive breast cancer. Despite its initial therapeutic efficacy, many patients eventually …

Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors regulate diverse biological processes, affecting
development, metabolism, stem cell maintenance and longevity. They have also been …

Cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant diseases worldwide, posing a
serious, long-term threat to patients' health and life. Systemic chemotherapy remains the first …

Cancer is one of the major causes of death and a significant obstacle to increasing life
expectancy worldwide. Chemotherapy remains the first-line adjuvant therapeutic option for …

The cytotoxic anti-cancer drugs cisplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), as
well as targeted drugs including imatinib, erlotinib, and nivolumab, play key roles in clinical …

Human menopause is widely associated with impaired skeletal muscle quality and
significant metabolic dysfunction. These observations pose significant challenges to the …

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite major
improvements in current therapeutic methods, ideal therapeutic strategies for improved …

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with high
morbidity and mortality. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major pathological type of …