Certain pathogens, due to their adverse effects on the immune reaction, aggravate the
course of concomitant heterologous infections. Here we summarize mechanisms by which …

Abstract Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) is considered a novel PCV, firstly found in China in
2019 and later discovered in Korea. This present study investigated the prevalence and …

Simple Summary Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are major viral agents of farmed swine,
causing relevant economic impact due to direct losses and control measures expenses. Wild …

Simple Summary Since PCV2 is currently the primary viral agent in intensive pigs, the cost of
immune suppression and preventative measures has resulted in severe economic losses. It …

Porcine circovirus (PCV) comprises four distinct species, namely, PCV1–4, with
considerable differences between them, resulting in limited crossprotection. PCV2 inflicts …

Many pathogens cause reproductive failure in sows suffering a broad spectrum of sequelae,
including abortions, stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, and infertility. Although …

Abstract Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) was first detected in 2016 and has been reported
in many pig-producing countries around the world, including Vietnam. PCV3 has been found …

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) viral
load and histopathological findings in perinatal piglet tissues and to develop an …

Abstract In March 2022, a 61-year-old woman in France who had received a heart-lung
transplant sought treatment with chronic hepatitis mainly characterized by increased liver …

Abstract Background Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is one of the pathogens that leads to a
growing and persistent threat in pigs. Thus, the development of serological detection …