Tryptophan (TRP), an essential amino acid in mammals, is involved in several physiological
processes including neuronal function, immunity, and gut homeostasis. In humans, TRP is …

Immune activation is inextricably linked with dysregulation of the tryptophan metabolism,
shifting catabolic routes towards oxidative breakdown along the kynurenine axis. Several …

The neuroimmunological kynurenine pathway (KP) has been implicated in major depressive
disorder (MDD) in adults and adolescents, most recently in suicidality in adults. The KP is …

In the human body, the majority of tryptophan is metabolized through the kynurenine
pathway. This consists of several metabolites collectively called the kynurenines and …

Background Increased tryptophan metabolism towards the production of kynurenine via
indoleamine/tryptophan-2, 3-dioxygenases (DOs: Ido1, Ido2, and Tdo2) is strongly …

Indoleamine‐2, 3‐dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme that catalyzes tryptophan to kynurenine
and studies have revealed that IDO play a vital role in regulation of liver immunity and …

Rationale Stress is related to cognitive impairments which are observed in most major brain
diseases. Prior studies showed that the brain concentration of the tryptophan metabolite …

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females. Approximately 30% of cancer
patients develop depression or depressive adaptation disorder within 5 years post …

The fact that various drugs with different mechanisms of action can induce suicidality even in
people who never had suicidal ideation before suggests that the neurobiological correlates …

The dysregulation of the inflammatory response, including pro‐inflammatory molecules,
produces neuropsychiatric symptoms and depression‐like behavior, including withdrawal …