In the absence of an intact interferon (IFN) response, mammals may be susceptible to lethal
viral infection. IFNs are secreted cytokines that activate a signal transduction cascade …

Interferon (IFN) signaling induces the expression of a wide array of genes, collectively
referred to as IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that generally function to inhibit viral replication …

Pathogenic and other cytoplasmic DNAs activate the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-
stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway to induce inflammation via transcriptional …

Hepatotropic viruses naturally have narrow host and tissue tropisms, challenging the
development of robust experimental models. The advent of organoid technology provides a …

ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, is characterized by a delay in
type I interferon (IFN-I)-mediated antiviral defenses alongside robust cytokine production …

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy threatens pregnancy and fetal health. However,
the infectivity and pathological effects of ZIKV on placental trophoblast progenitor cells in …

Immune systems are of pivotal importance to any living organism on Earth, as they protect
the organism against deleterious effects of viral infections. Though the current knowledge …

Although inhibition of T cell coinhibitory receptors has revolutionized cancer therapy, the
mechanisms governing their expression on human T cells have not been elucidated. In the …

In inflamed tissues, monocytes differentiate into macrophages (mo-Macs) or dendritic cells
(mo-DCs). In chronic nonresolving inflammation, mo-DCs are major drivers of pathogenic …

Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that can cause a severe form
of pneumonia in humans, a phenotype evolved through interactions with aquatic protozoa in …