Plants are constantly exposed to would-be pathogens and pests, and thus have a
sophisticated immune system to ward off these threats, which otherwise can have …

Fungi have developed a plethora of strategies to colonize plants, and these interactions
result in a broad spectrum of outcomes ranging from beneficial interactions to death of the …

Highlights•Plant-associated fungi and oomycetes deliver effector proteins into the
apoplast.•Effector proteins function to promote host colonization.•Many characterized …

Magnaporthe oryzae (Mo) is the causative pathogen of the damaging disease rice blast. The
effector gene AvrPib, which confers avirulence to host carrying resistance gene Pib, was …

Phyto-pathogenic fungi can cause huge damage to crop production. During millions of years
of coexistence, fungi have evolved diverse life-style to obtain nutrients from the host and to …

Fortunately, no fungus can cause disease on all plant species, and although some plant-
pathogenic fungi have quite a broad host range, most are highly limited in the range of plant …

Tomato leaf mold is a common disease in tomato production and severely impacts the
growth, fruit quality and yield of tomato plants. Research on tomato leaf mold has a long …

The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is used commercially as a microbial
insecticides against a wide range of agricultural insect pests. Some strains of B. bassiana …

Rcr3 is a secreted protease of tomato that is targeted by fungal effector Avr2, a secreted
protease inhibitor of the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum. The Avr2-Rcr3 complex is …

Development of resistant crops is the most effective way to control plant diseases to
safeguard food and feed production. Disease resistance is commonly based on resistance …