Immune cells are present in normal breast tissue and in breast carcinoma. The nature and
distribution of the immune cell subtypes in these tissues are reviewed to promote a better …

Simple Summary Chronic inflammation is an important cause of multiple cancers. While
chronic inflammation is present in breast cancer and may influence its outcome, its role in …

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common form of preinvasive breast cancer and,
despite treatment, a small fraction (5–10%) of DCIS patients develop subsequent invasive …

Less than half of individuals with a suspected Mendelian condition receive a precise
molecular diagnosis after comprehensive clinical genetic testing. Improvements in data …

Importance Benign breast disease (BBD) comprises approximately 75% of breast biopsy
diagnoses. Surgical biopsy specimens diagnosed as nonproliferative (NP), proliferative …

High-risk benign breast tumors are known to develop breast cancer at high rates. However,
it is still controversial whether they should be removed during diagnosis or followed up until …

Microenvironmental and molecular factors mediating the progression of Breast Ductal
Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) are not well understood, impeding the development of prevention …

The global burden of breast cancer has been increasing, the mechanism of which is related
to multifactorial accumulation of gene mutations. Dysregulation of long noncoding RNA …

Abstract As a phytoestrogen, 3, 3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) plays a chemopreventive role by
inhibiting cancer progression. In this study, we examined the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) …

BACKGROUND Breast non-mass-like lesions (NMLs) account for 9.2% of all breast lesions.
The specificity of the ultrasound diagnosis of NMLs is low, and it cannot be objectively …