This review summarizes the evidence to date on the development of biomarkers for
personalizing the pharmacological treatment of combustible tobacco use. First, the latest …

Nicotine lactate, nicotine tartrate, nicotine benzoate, and freebase nicotine (FBN) are four
forms of nicotine salt systems that are present in tobacco products. However, few in vivo …

Introduction IQOS was authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a
modified-risk tobacco product. We conducted a pharmacokinetic study evaluating the …

The quantification of tobacco exposure biomarkers is relevant to follow the patients' tobacco
use. They allow to discriminate between tobacco users, non-users, passive smokers, and …

Plants of the genus Nicotiana are members of the nightshade family, originating primarily in
the Central and South Americas well before the appearance of humans. Genus Nicotiana …

Introduction The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a biomarker of CYP2A6-mediated nicotine
metabolism, predicts the efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), with fast …

Introduction Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit high rates of tobacco
use and lower responsiveness to tobacco cessation treatments. Treatment adherence is a …

Introduction Large racial disparities exist in the prevention and treatment of smoking-related
diseases, and minoritized populations carry a heavier burden of smoking-related morbidity …

Introduction People who metabolize nicotine more quickly are generally less successful at
quitting smoking. However, the mechanisms that link individual differences in the nicotine …

Background: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. It is responsible
for several types of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diseases of the reproductive …