Animal behavior is shaped by a variety of" internal states"—partially hidden variables that
profoundly shape perception, cognition, and action. The neural basis of internal states, such …

The Drosophila brain contains a relatively simple circuit for forming Pavlovian associations,
yet it achieves many operations common across memory systems. Recent advances have …

Making inferences about the computations performed by neuronal circuits from synapse-
level connectivity maps is an emerging opportunity in neuroscience. The mushroom body …

This review focuses on neuropeptides and peptide hormones, the largest and most diverse
class of neuroactive substances, known in Drosophila and other animals to play roles in …

Dopamine plays a central role in motivating and modifying behavior, serving to invigorate
current behavioral performance and guide future actions through learning. Here we examine …

Internal states shape stimulus responses and decision-making, but we lack methods to
identify them. To address this gap, we developed an unsupervised method to identify …

Plasticity in animal behaviour relies on the ability to integrate external and internal cues from
the changing environment and hence modulate activity in synaptic circuits of the brain. This …

Odor attraction in walking Drosophila melanogaster is commonly used to relate neural
function to behavior, but the algorithms underlying attraction are unclear. Here, we develop …

Hormones regulate development, as well as many vital processes in the daily life of an
animal. Many of these hormones are peptides that act at a higher hierarchical level in the …

Animal behavior is shaped both by evolution and by individual experience. Parallel brain
pathways encode innate and learned valences of cues, but the way in which they are …