Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, and its treatment and outcomes have been
dramatically revolutionised by targeted therapies. As the most frequently mutated oncogene …

Tumours display an astonishing variation in the spatial distribution, composition and
activation state of immune cells, which impacts their progression and response to …

Antagonistic antibodies targeting the inhibitory immune-checkpoint receptor PD-1 or its
ligand PD-L1 are used to treat a wide range of cancer types and can substantially improve …

Abstract Background Anti-PD1/PD-L1 directed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are widely
used to treat patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The activity of ICI …

Oncogenic KRAS mutations are the most frequent mutations in human cancer, but most
difficult to target. While sustained proliferation caused by oncogenic KRAS-downstream …

Lung cancer is a major global health problem, as it is the leading cause of cancer-related
deaths worldwide. Major advances in the identification of key mutational alterations have led …

Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is frequently observed in human
cancers. Binding of PD-L1 to its receptor PD-1 on activated T cells inhibits anti-tumor …

Immunotherapies that target PD-1/PD-L1 axis have shown unprecedented success in a wide
variety of human cancers. PD-1 is one of the key coinhibitory receptors expressed on T cells …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors against PD-1/PD-L1 yield improved survival rates of KRAS-
mutant NSCLC patients, who conferred a poor prognosis without effective targeted therapy …

Upregulated expression of immune checkpoint molecules correlates with exhausted
phenotype and impaired function of cytotoxic T cells to evade host immunity. By disrupting …