The process of plant immune response is orchestrated by intracellular signaling molecules.
Since plants are devoid of a humoral system, they develop extensive mechanism of …

Calcium signalling, including pulse, amplitude, and duration, is essential for plant
development and response to various stimuli. However, the calcium signalling should be …

When challenged by similar environmental conditions, phylogenetically distant taxa often
independently evolve similar traits (convergent evolution). Meanwhile, adaptation to extreme …

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs naturally in the environment and is toxic to both
animals and plants. The impact of Cd toxicity is shown to be reduced by the exogenous …

The hyperosmolality-gated calcium-permeable channels (OSCA) are pore-forming
transmembrane proteins that function as osmosensors during various plant developmental …

In plants, Ca 2+ is an integral element in several stresses related signallings. During
environmental stresses, the cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration tends to rise rapidly, which is …

High salinity severely inhibits plant seedling root development and metabolism. Although
plant salt tolerance can be improved by exogenous calcium supplementation, the …

Due to abiotic stress and global climate change, agriculture crop production around the
world has suffered huge loss. Developing stress-resilient crops through breeding techniques …

Abstract Calcineurin B-like (CBL)-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) play a crucial role in
the complex molecular systems of plants, acting as coordinators in different plant …

Calmodulins (CaMs) and Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are vital in plant growth,
development, and stress responses. However, CaMs and CMLs have not been fully …