The pharmacokinetic behavior of medicines used in humans follows largely predictable
patterns across the human age range from premature babies to elderly adults. Most of the …

This review summarizes the present status of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK)
modeling and simulation (M&S) and its application in support of pediatric drug research. We …

It should be recognized that children are not small adults, hence dosing in children should
not be a 'small adult dose'. A mean population dose in all age groups is just an average …

Understanding the dose–concentration–effect relationship is a fundamental component of
clinical pharmacology. Interpreting data arising from observations of this relationship …

Effective and safe drug administration in neonates should be based on integrated
knowledge on the evolving physiological characteristics of the infant who will receive the …

Abstract Background and Objectives Current cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and 3A4
ontogeny profiles, which are derived mainly from in vitro studies and incorporated in …

Providing safe and effective drug therapy to neonates requires knowledge of the impact of
development on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. Although …

The aim of this review is to discuss our current understanding of the developmental changes
of the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and its impact on drug therapy …

Midazolam is a benzodiazepine with rapid onset of action and short duration of effect. In
healthy neonates the half‐life (t1/2) and the clearance (Cl) are 3.3‐fold longer and 3.7‐fold …

Although both POPPK and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models can
account for age and other covariates within a paediatric population, they generally do not …