The hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis is a complex system of neuroendocrine pathways
and feedback loops that function to maintain physiological homeostasis. Abnormal …

T-type Ca2+ channels were originally called low-voltage-activated (LVA) channels because
they can be activated by small depolarizations of the plasma membrane. In many neurons …

Oxytocin (OT) is a great facilitator of social life but, although its effects on socially relevant
brain regions have been extensively studied, OT neuron activity during actual social …

The hypothalamus is key in the control of energy balance. However, strategies targeting
hypothalamic neurons have failed to provide viable options to treat most metabolic diseases …

Glucocorticoid negative feedback in the brain controls stress, feeding, and neural-immune
interactions by regulating the hypothalamic—pituitary—adrenal axis, but the mechanisms of …

Background: The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) has emerged as one
of the most important autonomic control centers in the brain, with neurons playing essential …

Neurons that release hypocretin/orexin modulate sleep, arousal, and energy homeostasis;
the absence of hypocretin results in narcolepsy. Here we present data on the physiological …

Glutamate has been found to play an unexpectedly important role in neuroendocrine
regulation in the hypothalamus, as revealed in converging experiments with ultrastructural …

Mice were generated expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) promoter. Green fluorescence was observed in …

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
(PVN) initiate hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity through the release of CRF into …