Orofacial pain, including temporomandibular joint disorders pain, trigeminal neuralgia,
dental pain, and debilitating headaches, affects millions of Americans each year with …

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain that involves inflammation and injury in the
temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and/or masticatory muscle is the most common form of …

Neuropathological mechanisms of manic syndrome or manic episodes in bipolar disorder
remain poorly characterised, as the research progress is severely limited by the paucity of …

Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) is a nonselective cationic channel
activated by painful stimuli such as capsaicin and noxious heat, and enriched in sensory …

Simple Summary The Mouse Grimace Scale (MGS) was developed as a tool for the
measurement of pain in laboratory mice. There have been a number of studies focused on …

One of the most controversial aspects of the use of animals in science is the production of
pain. Pain is a central ethical concern. The activation of neural pathways involved in the pain …

Orofacial pain remains a significant health issue in the United States. Pain originating from
the orofacial region can be composed of a complex array of unique target tissue that …

Orthodontic force produces mechanical irritation and inflammation in the periodontium,
which is inevitably accompanied by pain. Despite its prevalence, treatment of orthodontic …

Chronic pain in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common health problem.
Cumulating evidence indicates that the etiology of TMD pain is complex with multifactorial …

The conditions of stress contagion are induced in bystanders without direct experiences of
stressful events. This study determined the effects of stress contagion on masseter muscle …