Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive extracellular matrix deposition due to
dysregulated wound and connective tissue repair response. Multiple organs can develop …

The lung is a primary organ for gas exchange in mammals that represents the largest
epithelial surface in direct contact with the external environment. It also serves as a crucial …

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease resulting in airflow obstruction, which in
part can become irreversible to conventional therapies, defining the concept of airway …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common form of idiopathic interstitial
pneumonia, is a progressive, irreversible, and typically lethal disease characterized by an …

Lung macrophages play important roles in the maintenance of homeostasis, pathogen
clearance and immune regulation. The different types of pulmonary macrophages and their …

This mini-review summarizes the current evidence for the role of macrophage activation and
polarization in inflammation and immune response pertinent to interstitial lung disease …

Macrophage immunotherapy is an emerging treatment strategy that modulates the immune
system to promote wound healing. The functionality and regeneration of tissue depend on …

Many studies have been undertaken to reveal how tobacco smoke skews immune
responses contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is now recognized as an endogenous signaling gasotransmitter in
mammals. It is produced by mammalian cells and tissues by various enzymes …

The pulmonary extracellular matrix (ECM) determines the tissue architecture of the lung, and
provides mechanical stability and elastic recoil, which are essential for physiological lung …