Adaptive immunity, orchestrated by B-cells and T-cells, plays a crucial role in protecting the
body from pathogenic invaders and can be used as tools to enhance the body's defense …

The immune system is a fascinating world of cells, soluble factors, interacting cells, and
tissues, all of which are interconnected. The highly complex nature of the immune system …

Engineering chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) or T cell receptors (TCR) helps create
disease-specific T cells for targeted therapy, but the cost and rigor associated with …

Immunotherapies are the most rapidly growing drug class and have a major impact in
oncology and on human health. It is increasingly clear that the effectiveness of …

Inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS, cluster of differentiation (CD278)) is an activating
costimulatory immune checkpoint expressed on activated T cells. Its ligand, ICOSL is …

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T cell) therapy is a revolutionary approach approved
by the FDA and EMA to treat B cell malignancies and multiple myeloma. The production of …

Cancer immunotherapy is a kind of therapy that can control and eliminate tumors by
restarting and maintaining the tumor-immune cycle and restoring the body's normal anti …

There is a great need to improve the outlook for people facing urinary bladder cancer,
especially for patients with invasive urothelial carcinoma (InvUC) which is lethal in 50% of …

Gene therapy makes it possible to engineer chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to create T
cells that target specific diseases. However, current approaches require elaborate and …

CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) technology, which has recently showed successful
results in the treatment of hematological tumors, has been the focus of attention as one of …