Acute inflammation is essential for initiating and coordinating the body's response to injuries
and infections. However, in acute inflammatory diseases, inflammation is not resolved but …

Targeting immune checkpoints such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1),
programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) has …

Proteolysis of structural molecules of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an irreversible post-
translational modification in all arthropathies. Common joint disorders, including …

Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) is the most widely used and informative
measure of a drug's efficacy. It indicates how much drug is needed to inhibit a biological …

While the mammalian macrophage phenotypes have been intensively studied in vitro, the
dynamic of their phenotypic polarization has never been investigated in live vertebrates. We …

Background: Microglial activation is a hallmark of neuroinflammation, seen in most acute
and chronic neuropsychiatric conditions. With growing knowledge about microglia functions …

PURPOSE: To study the nature of inflammatory reaction in eyes of patients with retinitis
pigmentosa (RP) and its possible role in the pathogenesis of RP. DESIGN: Retrospective …

Inflammation affects the formation and the progression of various vitreoretinal diseases. We
performed a comprehensive analysis of inflammatory immune mediators in the vitreous …

Abstract On August 24, 1998, Remicade®(infliximab), the first tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)
inhibitor, received its initial marketing approval from the US Food and Drug Administration …

Advances in cDNA and monoclonal antibody technology in the 1980s fuelled the discovery
and characterization of the properties of cytokines. It became apparent that because …