Abstract The 200-amino-acid repeat (HIN-200) gene family with the hematopoietic interferon
(IFN)-inducible nuclear protein encodes highly homologous proteins involved in cell growth …

A number of studies have documented that Pb exerts immunotoxic effects on T lymphocytes.
In studies designed to explore this general response over a broad dose range, female Swiss …

Endotoxins, constituents of the cell wall of gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria,
regularly result in severe illness and death in horses. In endotoxaemia, these constituents …

Several plant species are traditionally used in Brazil to treat various inflammatory diseases.
Tumor necrosis factor‐(TNF‐) α and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) are key …

Exciting complexity of natural phenomena can be based on rather simple biophysical
principles. For example, the genetic code is based on a double-helix of DNA formed by …

Experimental protein engineering and computational protein design are broad but
complementary strategies for developing proteins with altered or novel structural properties …

Humans are exposed to harmful pathogens and a wide range of noxious substances every
day. The immune system reacts to, and destroys, these pathogens and harmful substances …

Since the publication of the first edition of the Handbook of Human Immunology in 1997,
major scientific achievements have directly contributed to an increased understanding of the …

The notion that excessive production of cytokines, especially of TNF, can be central to the
pathogenesis of numerous acute and chronic diseases is now widely accepted and …

Vitiligo is a pigmentation disorder of unknown aetiology, but it has been reported in
association with other autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) …