The melanocortins and their receptors have been extensively investigated for their roles in
the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, but to a lesser extent in immune cells and in the …

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are autoimmune disorders characterized by
symmetric proximal muscle weakness and chronic inflammation, with an increased risk of …

Objectives High‐dose pulsed methylprednisolone‐related liver injury cases have been
reported in the literature, but a prospective study in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has …

Objectives To assess the risk of new-onset or worsening hyperglycaemia, hypertension,
weight gain and hyperlipidaemia with systemic corticosteroid therapy (CST) as reported in …

Introduction Currently, there are no proven drugs that are FDA approved for the treatment of
dermatomyositis (DM), even though multiple clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate safety and …

Abstract Introduction About 20%–35% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients fail to respond to
high‐dose corticosteroids during a relapse. Repository corticotropin injection (RCI, Acthar® …

Introduction: Repository corticotropin injection (RCI) has immune-modulatory and anti-
inflammatory effects and is approved for multiple indications, including severe and acute …

Background. In recent years, the use of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy for
treatment of proteinuria due to nephrotic syndrome (NS) has been heavily explored. ACTH …

Background Intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP), repository corticotropin injection (RCI),
plasmapheresis (PMP), and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) are used in the treatment of …

Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder with large annual costs. This
study evaluated utilization and costs for the management of MS relapses with HP Acthar® …