Objectives: Identify the etiology of uremic encephalopathy. Review the appropriate
evaluation process for uremic encephalopathy. Outline the management options available …

Lanthionine is a nonproteinogenic amino acid, composed of two alanine residues that are
crosslinked on their β-carbon atoms by a thioether linkage. It is biosynthesized from the …

Background: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a pivotal gasotransmitter networking with nitric oxide
(NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) to regulate basic homeostatic functions. It is released by …

(1) The beneficial effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the cardiovascular and nervous
system have recently been re-evaluated. It has been shown that lanthionine, a side product …

The gut microbiota is considered to be a novel important factor to take into account in the
pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease and uremia. Much attention has been paid to …

Background Sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K-ATPase) has been shown
to regulate Src activity by combining with Src to keep it in an inactive form. We previously …

The non-proteinogenic amino acid lanthionine is a byproduct of hydrogen sulfide
biosynthesis: the third endogenous vasodilator gas, after nitric oxide and carbon monoxide …

Background Emerging evidence suggests that chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA) may have
significant implications in terms of worsening renal disease in CKD patients, but the effect of …

Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare inherited syndromic condition characterized by renal
and extra-renal disorders. Renal defect, at either structural or functional level, is one of the …

Vascular calcification (VC) is a pathological event caused by the unusual deposition of
minerals in the vascular system, representing the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality …