Three‐dimensional cell culture models, such as spheroids, can be used in the process of the
development of new anticancer agents because they are able to closely mimic the main …

Recently, many types of in vitro 3‐D culture systems have been developed to recapitulate
the in vivo growth conditions of cancer. The cancer 3‐D culture methods aim to preserve the …

Simple Summary Presently, the investigation of the tumor is carried out using different
models. One of the promising areas is the creation of 3D tumor models, such as spheroids …

Scalable and reproducible production of 3D cellular spheroids is highly demanded, by
pharmaceutical companies, for drug screening purposes during the pre‐clinical evaluation …

Under hypoxic conditions, tumor cells undergo a series of adaptations that promote
evolution of a more aggressive tumor phenotype including the activation of DNA damage …

Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTs) have been employed in biomedical fields owing to
their advantage in designing a three-dimensional (3D) solid tumor model. For controlling …

Evolving understanding of structural and biological complexity of tumors has stimulated
development of physiologically relevant tumor models for cancer research and drug …

Cancer stem cells have been shown to be important in tumorigenesis processes, such as
tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. As such, many three-dimensional models have …

(1) In compliance with the 3Rs policy to reduce, refine and replace animal experiments, the
development of advanced in vitro models is needed for nanotoxicity assessment. Cells …

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally according to the World Health
Organization. Although improved treatments and early diagnoses have reduced cancer …