Manganese serves as an indispensable catalytic center and the structural core of various
enzymes that participate in a plethora of biological processes, including oxidative …

Commercial poultry production is associated with various stresses responsible for
decreasing productive and reproductive performance of growing chicks, breeders and …

Selenium (Se) is an essential dietary trace element participating in the regulation of various
physiological functions in humans, farm animals and poultry through its incorporation into a …

Arsenic, a naturally occurring heavy metal pollutant, is one of the functioning risk factors for
neurological toxicity in humans. However, little is known about the effects of arsenic on the …

We investigated lead (Pb)-induced oxidative stress and immune damage in the chicken
bursa of Fabricius (BF) and the ameliorative effect of selenium (Se). Seven-day-old male …

Copper (Cu) is a necessary trace mineral due to its biological activity. Excessive Cu can
induce inflammatory response in humans and animals, but the underlying mechanism is still …

Poultry require at least 36 dietary nutrients at appropriate concentrations and balance. To
prevent nutrient deficiencies, grain‐soy based diets are typically supplemented with …

In many organ dysfunctions, arsenic and its compounds are well known to induce apoptosis
by the mitochondria and death receptor apoptotic pathways in liver and airway. However, it …

Commercial poultry production is associated with various types of stress leading to decrease
of productive and reproductive performance and compromised health of growing chickens …

The human-induced lead (Pb) contamination brings about serious environmental issues
around the world and it also poses severe risks to wildlife including birds. Avian thymus is …