Pain is a hallmark of tissue injury, inflammatory diseases, pathogen invasion and
neuropathy. It is mediated by nociceptor sensory neurons that innervate the skin, joints …

TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine with important functions in homeostasis and disease
pathogenesis. Recent discoveries have provided insights into TNF biology that introduce …

There is burgeoning interest in the interaction between the immune and nervous systems.
Pain is mediated by primary sensory neurons (nociceptors) that can respond to a variety of …

Proinflammatory cytokines are major mediators in the pathogenesis of diseases of joints
such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. This review emphasizes that proinflammatory …

Osteoarthritis is a chronic and painful disease of synovial joints. Chondrocytes, synovial
cells and other cells in the joint can express and respond to cytokines and chemokines, and …

The reasoning that neural reflexes maintain homeostasis in other body organs, and that the
immune system is innervated, prompted a search for neural circuits that regulate innate and …

The mammalian immune system and the nervous system coevolved under the influence of
infection and sterile injury. Knowledge of homeostatic mechanisms by which the nervous …

Neural reflex circuits regulate cytokine release to prevent potentially damaging inflammation
and maintain homeostasis. In the inflammatory reflex, sensory input elicited by infection or …

There has been a consistent gap in understanding how TNF-α neutralization affects the
disease state of arthritis patients so rapidly, considering that joint inflammation in rheumatoid …

Abstract Purpose of Review Pain in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be due to different
etiologies, ranging from peripheral inflammation to dysregulation of central nervous system …