Innate and adaptive immunity represent a harmonic counterbalanced system involved in the
induction, progression, and possibly resolution of the inflammatory reaction that characterize …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic systemic
inflammation causing progressive joint damage that can lead to lifelong disability. The …

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory immune-mediated disease
characterized by musculoskeletal inflammation (arthritis, enthesitis, spondylitis, and …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's
disease (CD), is an autoimmune gastrointestinal disease characterized by chronic …

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like glands and stroma located
outside the uterine cavity. This common, estrogen dependent, inflammatory condition affects …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Xinfeng capsule is a traditional Chinese medicine
compound, which has been clinically used for more than 20 years in the treatment of …

Mucosally active subunit vaccines are an unmet clinical need due to lack of licensed
immunostimulants suitable for vaccine antigens. Here, we show that intranasal …

Autoimmune diseases are a diverse set of conditions defined by organ damage due to
abnormal innate and acquired immune system responses. The pathophysiology of …

Co-inhibitory receptors (IRs) are molecules that protect host against autoimmune reactions
and maintain peripheral self-tolerance, playing an essential role in maintaining immune …

Axial spondyloarthritis (axial-SpA) is a multifactorial disease characterized by inflammation
in sacroiliac joints and spine, bone reabsorption, and aberrant bone deposition, which may …