The herbivorous sauropod dinosaurs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods were the
largest terrestrial animals ever, surpassing the largest herbivorous mammals by an order of …

The largest known dinosaurs weighed at least 20 million times as much as the smallest,
indicating exceptional phenotypic divergence. Previous studies have focused on extreme …

Background Body size is intimately related to the physiology and ecology of an organism.
Therefore, accurate and consistent body mass estimates are essential for inferring …

Temporal trends in postcranial robusticity within the genus Homo are explored by comparing
cross‐sectional diaphyseal and articular properties of the femur, and to a more limited …

To identify behaviorally significant differences in bone structure it is first necessary to control
for the effects of body size and body shape. Here the scaling of cross-sectional geometric …

The carbon and oxygen isotope composition of carbonate in enamel hydroxylapatite can
provide information on photosynthetic pathways of plants at the base of food webs, and on …

Bt corn is corn (Zea mays) that has been genetically modified to express insecticidal toxins
derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis to kill lepidopteran pests feeding on these …

How evolutionary changes in body size are brought about by variance in developmental
timing and/or growth rates (also known as heterochrony) is a topic of considerable interest in …

Recent fieldwork in the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Maevarano Formation, northwest
Madagascar, has yielded important new skull material of the abelisaurid theropod …

Life on earth spans a size range of around 21 orders of magnitude across species and can
span a range of more than 6 orders of magnitude within species of animal. The effect of size …